Under the Endangered Species Act (1973), species may be listed as either endangered or threatened.
“Endangered” means a species is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
“Threatened” means a species is likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future. All species of plants and animals, except pest insects, are eligible for listing as endangered or threatened.
For the purposes of the ESA, Congress defined species to include subspecies, varieties, and, for vertebrates, distinct population segments.
http://www.fws.gov/endangered/laws-policies/index.html
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Martha the last passenger pigeon